Problem Statement

What is a Problem Statement?

A Problem Statement clearly defines:

• What problem needs to be solved
  

• Why it is important
  

• What outcome is expected
  

Simple meaning:
"Hum kya solve kar rahe hain aur kyun?"

Example 1: E-commerce Project

❌ Weak Statement:
"Analyze sales data."

✔ Strong Statement:
"Identify the factors affecting monthly sales decline and suggest strategies to improve revenue."

Example 2: Education Project

"Analyze student performance data to identify factors affecting low exam scores."

Why Problem Statement is Important?

✔ Gives project direction
✔ Defines goals clearly
✔ Helps select correct data
✔ Avoids unnecessary analysis

SMART Approach

A good problem statement should be:

• S – Specific
  

• M – Measurable
  

• A – Achievable
  

• R – Relevant
  

• T – Time-bound

Data Collection

What is Data Collection?

Data Collection is the process of gathering data required to solve the problem.

Without proper data, even the best analysis will fail.

Types of Data

Primary Data

Collected directly from source.

Examples:

• Surveys
  

• Interviews
  

• Questionnaires
  

Secondary Data

Already collected by someone else.

Examples:

• Company database
  

• Government reports
  

• Online datasets
  

Data Sources

Tools Used for Data Collection

• MySQL
  

• Microsoft Excel
  

• Google Forms
  

• PostgreSQL