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Django Architecture

  • Understand Django’s MVT architecture and how it manages web application flow.

  • Why Django Architecture is Important?

    Django architecture explains:

    • How data flows

    • How pages are generated

    • How backend & frontend connect

    Without understanding MVT, students cannot build real Django projects.

    1. What is MVT Architecture?

    Django follows MVT Architecture:

    MVT = Model – View – Template

    It separates:

    • Data (Model)

    • Logic (View)

    • Presentation (Template)

    This makes applications:

    • Clean

    • Scalable

    • Easy to maintain

    MVT vs MVC (For Understanding)

    MVC

    MVT (Django)

    Model

    Model

    View

    Template

    Controller

    View

    👉 In Django, View acts like Controller


    Code Example: MVT Folder Structure

    Code Title: Django MVT Structure

    Code Description: Shows how Django organizes MVT components

    myapp/

    │

    ├── models.py      # Model

    ├── views.py       # View

    ├── templates/

    │   └── home.html  # Template

    ├── urls.py

    2. Model (M in MVT)

    What is Model?

    A Model:

    • Represents database table

    • Handles data logic

    • Written as Python class

    👉 One model = One table

    Responsibilities of Model:

    • Define database schema

    • Store & retrieve data

    • Business logic

    Code Example: Django Model

Student Model

Creates a database table using Python class 

from django.db import models

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField()
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

  • Explanation:

    • Student → Table name

    • Fields → Columns

    • Django ORM handles SQL

    3. View (V in MVT)

    What is View?

    A View:

    • Handles business logic

    • Receives HTTP request

    • Returns HTTP response

    👉 View decides what data to send and which template to use

    Responsibilities of View:

    • Handle request

    • Communicate with Model

    • Send data to Template

    Code Example: Django View

Student View

Fetches data from model and sends to template 

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Student

def student_list(request):
    students = Student.objects.all()
    return render(request, "students.html", {"students": students})

  • Explanation:

    • Fetches data using ORM

    • Sends data to template

    • render() combines view + template


    4. Template (T in MVT)

    What is Template?

    A Template:

    • Handles UI (HTML)

    • Displays dynamic data

    • Uses Django Template Language (DTL)

    👉 No Python logic inside templates

    Responsibilities of Template:

    • Display data

    • Loop & condition rendering

    • UI presentation

    Code Example: Django Template

Student Template

Displays dynamic data using DTL 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Students</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Student List</h1>

    {% for student in students %}
        <p>{{ student.name }} - {{ student.email }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

  • Explanation:

    • {{ }} → Variable

    • {% %} → Logic

    • Clean separation of UI

    5. Request–Response Cycle

    What is Request–Response Cycle?

    It explains how a user request becomes a web page.

    Step-by-Step Flow:

    1. User opens URL
    2. Request goes to urls.py
    3. URL maps to View
    4. View interacts with Model
    5. View sends data to Template
    6. Template generates HTML
    7. Response sent back to browser

    Visual Flow:

    Browser → URL → View → Model

                        ↓

                   Template

                        ↓

                   Response

    Code Example: URL → View Mapping

Django URL Configuration

Connects URL with View 

from django.urls import path
from .views import student_list

urlpatterns = [
    path("students/", student_list, name="students"),
]

  • Explanation:

    • URL triggers view

    • View returns response

    6. Complete MVT Flow Example

    Example:

    User opens /students/

Model 

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

View 

def student_list(request):
    students = Student.objects.all()
    return render(request, "students.html", {"students": students})

Template 

{% for student in students %}
    <p>{{ student.name }}</p>
{% endfor %}
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